Platelet transfusion is performed to prevent bleeding and RBC transfusion to prevent anemia.ĪLL chemotherapy includes the following drugs and also other drugs included in the treatment:.Radiation therapy is given for testicular infiltrations. Systemic chemotherapy aims to eradicate leukemic cells and induce remission (less than 5% of blast cells in the marrow and peripheral blood are normal). Elevated uric acid levels and lactic dehydrogenase levels are commonly found. Lumbar puncture detects meningeal involvement. Differential leukocyte count determines cell type. Blood counts show severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. A bone marrow biopsy, usually of the posterior superior iliac spine, is part of the diagnostic workup. Typical clinical findings and bone marrow aspirate showing a proliferation of immature WBCs confirm ALL. The diagnosis of ALL can be confirmed with a combination of the following: ![]() Encroachment or hemorrhage occurs when immature WBCs spill into the bloodstream and other tissues and eventually lead to organ or tissue malfunction. Infection. Immature WBCs are not fit to defend the body against pathogens, so infection is always a possible complication to watch out for.Untreated, acute leukemia is invariably fatal, usually because of complications that result from leukemic cell infiltration of the bone marrow and vital organs. As the oxygen-carrying component of the blood decreases, the body compensates by pumping out blood faster than normal. The patient experiences fatigue more frequently than normal. Anemia is present in ALL because of a decrease in mature RBCs. A decrease in the mature blood components leads to dyspnea. ![]() Easy bruising after minor trauma is a sign of leukemia. High fever accompanied by thrombocytopenia and abnormal bleeding (such as nosebleeds and gingival bleeding) manifests in the patient. Signs of acute lymphocytic leukemia may be gradual or abrupt. Viral remnants have been found in leukemic cells, so they are likely one of the causes of ALL. Genetics also play a part in the development of ALL. Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, congenital agammaglobulinemia, and ataxia-telangiectasia usually predisposes to ALL. Research on predisposing factors isn’t conclusive but points to some combination of viruses, immunologic factors, genetic factors, and exposure to radiation and certain chemicals. ![]()
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